Why People Resist Writing Technical Documents

People do not avoid technical documentation simply because they dislike writing. They often resist because documentation exposes knowledge, risk, gaps, ownership, and accountability. This article explores the psychology behind that resistance and explains how technical authors and information managers can make knowledge sharing safer, easier, and more useful.

The psychology behind writing technical documents is not about writing. It is about identity, control, risk, confidence, workload, and trust.

Resistance to operational documentation stems from people’s awkwardness. They resist it because documentation exposes what they know, what they do not know, and how well their work holds up in writing.

Why are people reluctant to share knowledge?

1. Knowledge is power

In many organisations, people become valuable because they are the only person who knows how something works.

      • They know the system’s history.
      • the workaround.
      • which server talks to which database
      • “don’t touch that on a Friday” rule.

Writing that can feel like giving away their leverage. Documentation makes some people fear they will become less important.

That is rarely true, but the fear is real.

2. They fear being judged

When knowledge stays in someone’s head, others cannot challenge it. Once it is written, others can question it.

People may worry:

      • “What if I explain it badly?”
      • “What if someone spots a gap?”
      • “What if I have been doing it wrong?”
      • “What if this becomes evidence against me later?”

Technical documentation makes hidden practice visible. That can feel threatening.

3. Experts often do not know how much they know

A subject matter expert may say, “It’s obvious.”

It is obvious to them because they have years of context in their head. They forget what it was like not to know.

This is called the curse of knowledge. Experts skip steps, assume background understanding, and leave out dependencies because those things have become automatic to them.

That is why asking an expert to “write the process” often fails. They know the process too well to see where a new user will fall over.

4. They think writing is not their job

Engineers, analysts, developers, support staff, and project teams often see writing as admin. They may think:

“My job is to fix the thing, not write about the thing.”

This is where organisations go wrong. Documentation is not clerical work. It is part of operational control, support, continuity, audit readiness, training, and risk reduction.

The problem is that many organisations only value documentation after something breaks.

5. They have been burned before

Some people have contributed to documents in the past and seen nothing happen.

      • They gave information.
      • No one reviewed it.
      • No one published it.
      • The document disappeared into SharePoint.
      • Six months later, someone asked them the same questions again.

After that, they stop engaging.

Reluctance is sometimes not laziness but disappointment.

6. They do not trust how the information will be used

People may worry that documentation will be used to:

      • blame them after an incident
      • prove non-compliance
      • expose shortcuts
      • remove their ownership
      • offshore or automate their role
      • support a restructure

If the culture is punitive, people will protect themselves. They will give partial answers, vague explanations, or just enough information to appear cooperative.

7. Writing creates cognitive load

People underestimate how hard it is to explain work clearly.

Doing the task and explaining the task are different skills. A person may be excellent at resolving a complex system issue but poor at turning that knowledge into a structured procedure, support guide, recovery plan, or knowledge article.

They may not be unwilling. They may simply not know where to start.


What information managers and technical authors can do

The answer is not to keep saying, “Can you send me the process?”

That rarely works.

The better approach is to extract, shape, validate, and govern knowledge.

1. Stop asking people to “write the document”

Ask them to explain the work instead.

A technical author or information manager should make the task easier by saying:

“You do not need to write this. Talk me through what happens, what can go wrong, and who needs to know. I will structure it.”

This removes the pressure. The SME becomes the source of truth, not the person responsible for producing polished documentation.

2. Use structured interviews

Do not ask broad questions such as:

“How does the system work?”

Ask controlled questions:

      • What triggers this process?
      • Who owns it?
      • Who performs it?
      • What systems are involved?
      • What access is required?
      • What are the dependencies?
      • What happens if this step fails?
      • What evidence proves the task is complete?
      • What must never be done?
      • Who needs to be notified?
      • What is the escalation route?
      • What documents or records are produced?

Good documentation comes from good questioning.

3. Make knowledge sharing safe

People share more when they know the purpose.

Explain that documentation is not there to catch them out. It is there to protect the organisation and reduce repeated interruptions.

A useful message is:

“The aim is not to audit your memory. The aim is to stop the business depending on memory.”

That distinction matters.

4. Turn experts into reviewers, not writers

Most SMEs are better at reviewing than drafting.

A practical model is:

      1. Technical author interviews the SME.
      2. Technical author drafts the document.
      3. SME reviews for accuracy.
      4. Information manager checks structure, metadata, ownership, and control.
      5. Document owner approves.
      6. Document enters the review cycle.

This respects the SME’s knowledge without forcing them to become a writer.

5. Show people what poor documentation costs

People respond better when documentation is linked to real pain.

For example:

      • repeated support calls
      • failed handovers
      • slow onboarding
      • avoidable incidents
      • audit findings
      • change failures
      • disaster recovery confusion
      • project delays
      • dependency on one person
      • duplicated or contradictory processes

The argument should not be “we need documents.”
The argument should be “this is the risk we carry without them.”

6. Make contribution easy

Do not give SMEs a blank Word document.

Give them prompts, templates, checklists, diagrams, or short forms.

For example:

Instead of asking Ask this
Write the procedure. Give me the trigger, steps, exceptions, and escalation route.
Document the system. List the components, owners, dependencies, interfaces, and support contacts.
Update the knowledge base. Tell me what has changed, who it affects, and what users need to do differently.

People will contribute when the task is specific.

7. Use workshops, not email chains

Email is often a poor way to gather knowledge.

A short workshop can achieve more than three weeks of chasing. Put the right people in a room and map the process live.

Use:

      • process maps
      • whiteboards
      • dependency diagrams
      • RACI tables
      • system flow diagrams
      • incident timelines
      • “what happens if…” scenarios

The technical author captures the conversation and turns it into controlled documentation afterward.

8. Recognise the contributor

Knowledge sharing should carry status.

A simple contributor section, review credit, or acknowledgement can help. People are more likely to share knowledge when they feel their expertise is being recognised, not harvested.

The message should be:

“Your knowledge is important enough to become the organisation’s standard.”

That is a very different message from:

“We need you to fill in this template.”

9. Link documentation to governance

Information managers should make documentation part of normal business control.

That means every critical document needs:

      • an owner
      • version control
      • review date
      • approval route
      • classification
      • metadata
      • retention rules
      • change history
      • access control
      • review evidence

Without governance, knowledge sharing becomes a one-off exercise. With governance, it becomes part of how the organisation operates.

10. Use AI carefully

AI can help turn rough notes, transcripts, and SME interviews into a first draft. But it must not become a substitute for validation.

A good model is:

      • record or summarise the SME discussion
      • use AI to create a structured draft
      • technical author edits for clarity and usability
      • SME validates accuracy
      • document owner approves
      • information manager controls publication and review

AI helps with speed. It does not replace ownership, accuracy, context, or accountability.


The real role of the technical author

The technical author is not merely “the person who writes it down.”

A good technical author acts as:

      • interviewer
      • translator
      • editor
      • sceptic
      • user advocate
      • information architect
      • risk spotter
      • governance partner

They turn messy, partial, expert knowledge into something usable, controlled, and repeatable.

The information manager then ensures that the document does not decay into another forgotten file.


The key point

People are reluctant to share knowledge because knowledge is personal, political, and protective.

The answer is not to shame them into writing. The answer is to create a process where sharing knowledge feels safe, useful, recognised, and structured.

Technical authors and information managers should not ask, “Why won’t people write?”

They should ask:

“What is stopping people from sharing what they know, and how do we remove that friction?”

That is where documentation begins.

How to Create or Update Policy and Process Documentation

Discover how to plan, draft, and publish policies and processes that improve workflows, meet compliance, and support your organisation

Creating or updating policy and process documentation can feel daunting. By using the proper methods, you can make documents that are easy to read, useful, and compliant with regulations, assisting with daily work.

This guide shows you how to plan, write, and publish policies and processes, including schedules, resources, and necessary skills.


Step 1: Define the Scope and Plan

Key considerations:

    • Objectives: Are you meeting compliance, improving workflows, or clarifying roles?
    • Stakeholders: Engage department heads, compliance teams, and end users early.
    • Scope: Decide which policies and processes to create or update, prioritising business-critical areas.
    • Audit: Review existing documents for gaps, outdated content, or duplicates.

Estimated time:

    • Project planning: 1–2 weeks
    • Documentation audit: 2–4 weeks

Step 2: Research and Gather Data

Key considerations:

    • Compliance: Align with regulations and standards.
    • End users: Understand how staff will use the documentation.
    • Current practices: Observe workflows and interview subject matter experts (SMEs).
    • Technology: Ensure compatibility with tools such as Asite DMS or SharePoint.
    • Estimated time:
    • Research and interviews: 4–8 weeks
    • Process observation: 2–6 weeks

Step 3: Draft Policies and Processes

Key considerations:

    • Structure: Include purpose, scope, responsibilities, and procedures.
    • Clarity: Write in plain English. Avoid jargon unless necessary.
    • Visuals: Use workflow diagrams (e.g., Visio) for complex processes.
    • Version control: Track changes and manage document versions.
    • Estimated time:
    • Simple policy: 2–4 hours per document
    • Complex policy: 2–3 days with SME review
    • Process mapping: 3–7 days

Step 4: Review and Validate

Key considerations:

    • SME review: Check accuracy and compliance.
    • Testing: Pilot with a sample group of users.
    • Refinement: Incorporate feedback and re-draft as needed.
    • Estimated time:
    • Review cycle: 1–2 weeks per draft
    • Pilot testing: 2–4 weeks

Step 5: Finalise and Publish

    • Key considerations:
    • Approval: Secure sign-off from leadership.
    • Formats: Publish in user-friendly formats (PDF, intranet, or DMS).
    • Training: Provide user guides or training sessions to support adoption.
    • Estimated time:
    • Formatting and approval: 1–2 weeks
    • Training materials: 2–4 weeks

Project Timelines

    • New documentation: 3–6 months (medium complexity)
    • Updating documentation: 2–4 months

Resources Needed

    • Technical authors: Skilled in plain English writing and structuring documents
    • SMEs: Knowledgeable in compliance, operations, and workflows
    • Tools: Document management systems (Asite, SharePoint) and process mapping tools (Visio)
    • Reviewers: Stakeholders to provide input and approvals
    • Training resources: Guides and sessions to drive adoption

Expertise Required

    • Writing and editing skills
    • Interview techniques to gather SME knowledge
    • Regulatory and compliance awareness
    • Process mapping and visualisation
    • Change management experience

Final Thoughts

Policy and process documentation reduces risk, improves efficiency, and ensures compliance. By following these steps—plan, research, draft, review, and publish—you can create documentation that staff will actually use and trust.


 

Process, Procedure, Work Instruction, Plan, Strategy and Standards — Know the Difference

Clear documentation depends on understanding the difference between processes, procedures, work instructions, plans, strategies and standards. This article explains how each fits into a structured documentation framework.

Many organisations use the terms process, procedure, work instruction, plan, and strategy interchangeably. They are not the same. This article explains the key points to help clarify these differences.

Confusion between these terms leads to poor documentation, unclear responsibilities, and inconsistent delivery.

If you work in technical authoring, information management, or governance, understanding the difference is essential.

A good documentation framework clearly separates these elements and ensures people know what they must do and why.

What is a process?

A process is a set of interrelated activities that turn inputs into outputs.

A process describes a complete business activity from beginning to end.

You must:

      • Learn the process
      • Understand why it exists
      • Perform it end-to-end

A process is:

      • A high-level description of work
      • Cross-functional
      • Ongoing and repeatable
      • Updated periodically
      • Supported by policies and standards

A process answers the question:

“How does the business operate?”


What is a procedure?

A procedure provides more detail than a process but less detail than a work instruction.

It explains how to perform sequential tasks to achieve a defined outcome.

A procedure usually:

      • Follows a logical sequence
      • Has an obvious start and finish
      • Can be completed in one working session
      • Describes responsibilities

A procedure answers:

“How do we complete this activity?”


What are work instructions?

Work Instructions (WI) describe exactly how to perform a specific task.

They provide step-by-step guidance with no ambiguity.

A work instruction:

      • Describes one task
      • Contains detailed steps
      • May include screenshots or diagrams
      • Removes interpretation

Work instructions answer:

“How do I do this task?”


What is a plan?

A plan is not a process.

Many organisations confuse the two.

A management plan describes what will be done, not how work is performed.

A plan typically includes:

    • Objectives
    • Resource allocation
    • Timescales
    • Responsibilities
    • Risk considerations
    • Contingencies

A plan shows how an organisation will move from Point A to Point B.

It supports the strategy by describing how resources will achieve the aim.

A plan answers:

“What are we going to do?”


What is a strategy?

A strategy explains how an organisation will move from Point A to Point B.

It defines direction rather than detailed actions.

A strategy typically includes:

      • Current position (Point A)
      • Desired position (Point B)
      • Problems and constraints
      • Opportunities
      • Tools and approaches
      • Decision principles

A strategy considers obstacles and risks that may slow progress.

Strategy answers:

“Where are we going and why?”

Your strategy defines what you want to achieve.

Understanding the difference between a strategy and a plan allows organisations to make better decisions.


What is a standard?

Standards define mandatory rules and behaviours.

They support policies and ensure consistency across the organisation.

Standards are:

      • Mandatory
      • Enforceable
      • Organisation-wide
      • Consistent
      • Long-term

Define expected behaviour, for example:

      • Email signatures
      • Naming conventions
      • Approved hardware and software
      • Document templates
      • Security controls

Must be enforced to be effective.

This applies equally to policies and standards.


Why does this matter?

When organisations confuse these terms, documentation becomes chaotic:

      • Plans get mistaken for processes
      • Procedures become incomplete
      • Work instructions disappear
      • Strategies become wishlists
      • Standards are ignored
      • Clear documentation separates these layers and ensures:
      • Consistent delivery
      • Clear responsibilities
      • Better governance
      • Easier audits
      • Stronger information management

This structure is the foundation of a well-run documentation system.

Hire a Technical Author sooner, rather than later

Documentation projects rarely fail at the writing stage—they fail during planning. Poor scoping, unrealistic timelines, and lack of technical author input lead to delays, rising costs, and incomplete deliverables. Here’s how to avoid it.

Documentation project planning

As a technical writer with over twenty years of experience, I have seen project managers repeat the same mistakes across multiple projects. The root cause points to poor documentation planning. It is a problem that often goes unnoticed until a professional steps in and identifies it.

If you have delivered a project involving PCI, GDPR, ISO27001, ITIL, or policy and process documentation, ask yourself:

Did the project deliver all the required documentation?
If not, do you know why?

In my experience, the failure begins in the planning stages.


The First Mistake: Not Consulting a Technical Author Early

Did you speak to a technical author for a realistic appraisal?

If the answer is no, there lies your answer.

Managers treat documentation as a downstream activity. Something to complete once systems, processes, or controls are in place.

That assumption is wrong. Documentation is a structured discipline involving:

      • discovery
      • analysis
      • stakeholder engagement
      • controlled writing
      • review cycles
      • approval workflows

Without this understanding, planning becomes guesswork.


The Second Mistake: Underestimating Time and Budget

Another common issue:

The budget is short, and the timelines are optimistic.

Project managers frequently underestimate the effort required to produce controlled documentation.

A simple question often arises:

“How long does it take to write a document?”

The honest answer is:

“It depends.”

Because writing is only one part of the process.


What Actually Takes Time in Documentation Projects

For a typical documentation project, the effort is distributed across:

      • Information gathering
      • SME interviews
      • Conflicting opinions and interpretations
      • Writing and structuring
      • Multiple review stages
      • Amendments and rework
      • Final approval and sign-off

Here’s a realistic outcome to consider:

      • 30-page process document
      • 3+ Visio diagrams (10–30 steps each)
      • 3+ process narratives
      • 2+ appendices

Expected effort: 8–12 weeks before review.

That is one document.


Scaling the Problem: Compliance Projects

Compliance frameworks significantly increase the scope.

If starting from scratch:

      • 60+ documents is not unusual
      • 12–18 months of work is typical
      • 24 months is a safer estimate

If documentation already exists, fragmented across drives, emails, and legacy systems: Do not expect timelines to reduce; the first phase becomes:

      • consolidation
      • standardisation
      • validation

This alone can take months.


The Knowledge Gap in Planning

A major contributor to failure is a lack of understanding of:

      • The difference between a policy, a process, and plan
      • The document lifecycle (draft → review → approval → maintenance)
      • The complexity of controlled documentation environments

Delays are inevitable when managers cannot understand these fundamentals during planning.


Why do documentation projects fail?

Documentation projects typically fail due to:

      • Poor planning
      • Lack of documentation expertise
      • Unrealistic timelines
      • Insufficient budget
      • No defined ownership or review structure

Why Documentation Projects Succeed

Successful projects have:

      • Early involvement of a technical writer
      • Clear understanding of the documentation lifecycle
      • Realistic timelines based on effort
      • Defined ownership and governance
      • Structured review and approval processes

Hire a Technical Writer at the Start — Not the End

A common mistake is hiring a technical writer when:

      • deadlines are approaching
      • Documentation is incomplete
      • Exhausted budgets
      • At that point, recovery is expensive.

A technical writer engaged at the start can:

      • Identify risks early
      • define a realistic scope
      • structure documentation outputs
      • manage stakeholder expectations
      • prevent rework

Resourcing Considerations

Technical writers require:

      • Time to understand the project
      • Training on tools and environments
      • Access to SMEs
      • Availability for review cycles

You must also account for:

      • holidays
      • illness
      • unplanned absences
      • staff turnover
      • These are not exceptions. They are normal project variables.

Quality vs. Quantity: Use Prioritisation

When timelines are tight, prioritise deliveries using the MoSCoW Method:

      • Must have
      • Should have
      • Could have
      • Won’t have (this time)

Or classify documents as:

      • Required
      • Nice to have
      • Not important

Focus on delivering usable, controlled documentation, not volume.


Additional Planning Factors Often Ignored

      • Travel: Will the technical writer need to travel?
      • What can you reuse?
      • Review structure: Who reviews and who signs off?
      • Scope changes: How to control expansion?

Final Thought

When your project requires documentation, why is so much of the budget allocated to everything except documentation?

Documentation is not an afterthought. It is the mechanism that explains, controls, and sustains your operations.

Remove it—or underfund it—and the cost will surface later.

Usually, when it matters most.